Ocala Divorce Lawyer Blog

I frequently have clients who come in and tell me they need an Emergency Motion filed for __________(fill in the blank). The emergency could be that their Husband/Wife is taking the furniture, going to turn off the electricity, or cancel the Husband's/Wife's car insurance. All very important issues, but does it rise to the level of filing an Emergency Ex-Parte Injunction? When is an emergency really and emergency in the eyes of the court?

In the recently released case of Hunter v. Hunter, 2D09-4878, 2010 WL 2077158 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App), the District Court, says that a trial court should only order relief in an Ex-parte proceeding where there exists an immediate threat of irreparable injury that forecloses the opportunity to give reasonable notice. See City of Boca Raton v. Boca Raton Airport Auth., 768 So. 2d 1191, 1192 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000). Thus a motion seeking ex-parte relief "must demonstrate (1) how and why the giving of notice would accelerate or precipitate the injury or (2) that the time required to notice a hearing would actually permit the threatened irreparable injury to occur." Id. at 1193 (quoting Smith v. Knight, 679 So. 2d 359, 361 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996)). In the case that was before the DCA, it found that the Wife's motion failed to demonstrate either an immediate threat of irreparable injury or a reason notice could not be given.

The DCA further opined that to the extent that the order grants injunctive relief in the Hunter case, they observed that almost none of the required procedures were followed. According to Florida Family Law Rule of Procedure 12.610(a), injunctive relief in family law cases not related to the need for protection against domestic violence, repeat violence, dating violence, or sexual violence is governed by Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.610. Rule 1.610(a)(1), which permits the entry of a temporary injunction without written or oral notice to the adverse party only if:

(A) it appears from the specific facts shown by affidavit or verified pleading that immediate and irreparable injury, loss, or damage will result to the movant before the adverse party can be heard in opposition; and

(B) the movant's attorney certifies in writing any efforts that have been made to give notice and the reasons why notice should not be required.

In the Hunter case, the Wife's motion was neither verified nor supported by affidavits. Thus the motion was deficient under rule 1.610(a)(1)(A). Also, the motion did not contain the attorney's certification required under rule 1.601(a)(1)(B). Furthermore, the order itself is defective because it contains no explanation of the reasons for its entry other than "[t]he Emergency Motion is well taken." Thus the order violates rule 1.610(c), which requires that an injunction specify the reasons for entry. See also Hathcock v. Hathcock, 533 So. 2d 802, 804 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988) (holding that an order enjoining the husband from disposing of marital property and awarding the wife temporary exclusive use and possession of the marital home failed to comply with rule 1.610 because it contained no findings concerning why the injury would be irreparable or why the order was granted without notice). Finally, it does not appear that the trial court required the Wife to post a bond as required by rule 1.610(b).

The Court held that the Wife's argument about the Notice Requirement of Rule 1.610(a) concerning the entry of temporary injunctions without notice was woefully insufficient. To send a copy of a motion to opposing counsel without a notice of hearing and to present the motion to the court for the entry of an order granting the motion an hour or so later is unquestionably inadequate notice -- if it may even be deemed notice at all. See City of Ormond Beach v. City of Daytona Beach, 794 So. 2d 660, 663 (Fla. 5th DCA 2001) ("[N]otice encompasses a reasonable opportunity to prepare and offer evidence."); Fla. High Sch. Activities Ass'n v. Benitez, 748 So. 2d 358, 359 (Fla. 5th DCA 1999) ("Notice for temporary injunction purposes means a meaningful opportunity to prepare in order to present evidence and secure a record of the proceedings.").

If you are thinking about divorce, please call us to talk your case. Visit our website or call the office to schedule your low-cost consultation. We employ a client based approach, which means that we are selective in the cases we take so that we can be available to our clients. We spend time with you to thoroughly understand the facts of your case, so that we can provide you with a comprehensive and realistic legal evaluation. Our process begins with a half-hour low-cost consultation, all of which is credited back to your account if we accept your case.

Divorce in Florida, especially alimony and child support have been changed when House Bill 907 was signed into law yesterday. This bill was merely waiting for the signature of the Governor, as it had passed the House and the Senate.

Florida's alimony laws have been under consideration for change for some time. The statute which previously guided our Judges on issues of alimony was ambiguous at best, because it lacked clear definitions of "duration" for the award of alimony or types to be considered. It was basically a case-by-case analysis with the aid of case law. Lawyers knew what to do with very short term marriages and long-term marriages but everything else was a "best guess." The new law gives the Court more guidance as far as length of marriage and other factors to consider. The following have been codified by this bill:

1. Adds "durational" alimony or alimony for a set period of "short" or "moderate" period of time.

2. Adds specific guidelines for length of marriage, and defines various types of alimony. Allows for award of more than one type of alimony; and revises factors to be considered in whether to award alimony or maintenance

3. Adds tax consequences and child care responsibilities as factors the court should consider when awarding alimony.

4. Recognizes "bridge-the-gap" short-term alimony so that those in the 5th District Court of Appeal (which includes Ocala, Inverness, Bushnell) will finally have access to this type of support.

A big change on the child support side of the bill was that it added back the 25% of daycare that was taken away. So now instead of getting a 75% credit for paying daycare, the parent that is paying it gets 100% credit, Also, another HUGE change was that "substantial Parenting Time" was reduced from 40% time-sharing (or 147 overnights) down to 20% time sharing (73 overnights). Hopefully, this will mean less fighting over that "mid-week overnight."

If you are thinking about divorce, please call us to talk your case. Visit our website or call the office to schedule your low-cost consultation. We employ a client based approach, which means that we are selective in the cases we take so that we can be available to our clients. We spend time with you to thoroughly understand the facts of your case, so that we can provide you with a comprehensive and realistic legal evaluation. Our process begins with a half-hour low-cost consultation, all of which is credited back to your account if we accept your case.

In highly contested divorces or modifications, I often recommend retaining a Guardian Ad Litem on the case. Most people do not understand that the children are not going to be allowed to "go in and talk to the Judge," and often times the only way to get the children's voices heard is by and through a Guardian Ad Litem.

Why a Guardian Ad Litem?
A Guardian Ad Litem ("GAL") is usually an attorney hired by the divorcing couple (or the parent seeking the modification) to represent the child(ren) in a legal dispute concerning their custody or welfare. Having a Guardian Ad Litem reduces the "he said/she said" that the court has to hear. The GAL report is usually invaluable to the court left to make a permanent custody decision and usually gives it much weight in making its decision with regards to the children. The GAL is a neutral third-party that will make a report to the court based on it's findings from interviews. When the Court enters an Order appointing a Guardian Ad Litem, that guardian is not biased towards either the mother or the father and does not owe any allegiance to either party. They can be objective in the investigation and recommendation as to what disposition would be in the best interests of the child(ren).

What Does a Guardian Ad Litem Do?
A guardian is authorized by the Court and by agreement of the parties to investigate the entire background, living conditions, family relationships, and any other matter related thereto in order to make a recommendation to the court as to what would be in the best interests of the child as to placement, visitation, and other matters ruled upon by the court. They can make home visits, speak with anyone in person, by phone, or any other method of communication. They go to the schools or daycares and speak with the teachers. They can speak with the friends of the parents. They may speak with anyone who has important knowledge about the parents or the children. The guardian usually makes a report to the court recommending a specific outcome. The parties do not have to accept the report, but can present their own witnesses and evidence in court. The Judge makes the final determination on the disposition of the child(ren). However, the report of the guardian, if presented properly to the parties prior to trial, can sometimes lead to settlement of the issues without the expense of a trial.

Talk to a Florida Divorce Attorney
To talk to us about your case, either an initial custody determination or modification, please visit our website or call the office to schedule your initial consultation. We employ a client based approach, which means that we are selective in the cases we take so that we can be available to our clients. We spend time with you to thoroughly understand the facts of your case, so that we can provide you with a comprehensive and realistic legal evaluation. Our process begins with a half-hour low-cost consultation, all of which is credited back to your account if we accept your case.

I have many potential clients coming in asking about discharging debt in Bankruptcy and wanting to know if it's better to file Bankruptcy before or after the divorce. While I do not practice in the area of Bankruptcy, I will share what I have learned over the last few years from those attorneys with whom I work to practice in this field of law. I can reassure you, that over the past 3 years as the economy has headed downward, the rate of filing for Bankruptcy has headed skyward!

If you, as a prospective client, think you're headed for divorce and have a lot of debt between you and your spouse, it might make sense to file for bankruptcy before starting the divorce process. Filing bankruptcy first can simplify the divorce by clearing out some of your debt. This makes the Equitable Distribution aspect of the divorce much easier and quicker. It is fairly easy to negotiate how the remaining debts should be divided, and protect you from your soon-to-be-ex's bankruptcy filing down the road.

One important thing you might want to consider is filing a joint bankruptcy before the divorce. Not only will this make the final division of any remaining debts even easier, but filing a joint bankruptcy is cheaper than filing two separate ones. In either event, bankruptcies and divorces have serious impacts on each other, especially with respect to your property and personal finances.

How Will The Bankruptcy Effect My Divorce?

When one or both spouses file bankruptcy, all the property, that is, property that was bought or acquired during the course of the marriage, becomes a part of the bankruptcy estate and is available to pay debts. The bankruptcy estate is simply all of your property that you and your spouse own at the time the bankruptcy is filed.

When you or your spouse file a bankruptcy, an "automatic stay" is immediately entered by the court and prevents creditors from collecting on most debts. But the automatic stay doesn't prevent you from asking a Domestic Relations Court to order your spouse to pay child support or alimony.

Once a bankruptcy court decides property is "exempt," that is, it is not part of the bankruptcy estate and so it is not available to be sold to pay debts, but a divorce court can then divide that property. Property exemptions are defined not only by federal law (the "Bankruptcy Code"), but also by the laws of the state in which the bankruptcy is filed.

How Is My Marital Settlement Agreement Effected by Bankruptcy?

Negotiating a marital settlement in the midst of bankruptcy is complicated. Debts related to a marital settlement are presumed to be "non-dischargeable" in bankruptcy, meaning that the person who files bankruptcy can't have those debts wiped out and must still be responsible for them.

So if you think your soon-to-be-spouse is contemplating bankruptcy after your divorce is final, you'll want to word your Marital Settlement Agreement in such a way that your soon-to-be-ex's obligation looks and acts as much as possible like a support obligation instead of a "property settlement." That is so simply because support obligations are more difficult to have discharged.

For many bankruptcies filed on or after October 17, 2005 (when the Bankruptcy Laws were significantly changed), any obligation between former spouses can't be discharged in bankruptcy. So, a spouse with an alimony and/or child support obligation can't have that obligation discharged in bankruptcy if the bankruptcy petition was filed on or after October 17, 2005.

Can An Indemnity Clause Help If My Ex-Spouse Tries To Discharge the Debt?

Many lawyer who practice in the area of divorce lawyer are adding yet another layer of protection for their clients by adding an "Indemnification Clause," based on the possibility that the former spouse may file for bankruptcy after the divorce. This "hold harmless" or "indemnity" clause written into the divorce agreements, require your spouse to pay certain debts or repay you if a creditor makes you pay the debt. While this indemnity clause doesn't provide total protect, it does make it less likely to get that particular debt discharged by the bankruptcy court. At that point, you can go to bankruptcy court and ask the judge to enforce the indemnity agreement. While an indemnity agreement won't guarantee you'll get paid, it's one more factor for the bankruptcy judge to consider.

Contact An Attorney

Going through a divorce and bankruptcy at the same time is confusing and complicated. If you find yourself in this position it is best to consult with a lawyer as soon as possible. To talk to us about your case, please visit our website or call the office to schedule your initial consultation. We employ a client based approach, which means that we are selective in the cases we take so that we can be available to our clients. We spend time with you to thoroughly understand the facts of your case, so that we can provide you with a comprehensive and realistic legal evaluation. Our process begins with a half-hour low-cost consultation, all of which is credited back to your account if we accept your case.

Poll: A third say pets listen better than husbands

By SUE MANNING (AP) - 18 hours ago

LOS ANGELES -- Husbands, if you end up in the doghouse, consider it a promotion.

A third of pet-owning married women said their pets are better listeners than their husbands, according to an Associated Press-Petside.com poll released Wednesday. Eighteen percent of pet-owning married men said their pets are better listeners than their wives.

Christina Holmdahl, 40, talks all the time to her cat, two dogs or three horses -- about her husband, naturally.

"Whoever happens to be with me when I'm rambling," said Holmdahl, who's stationed with her husband at Fort Stewart in Georgia. "A lot of times, I'm just venting about work or complaining about the husband."

She thinks everyone should have a pet to talk to like her horse, Whistle, who's been with her since she was 19.

"We all say things we don't mean when we are upset about stuff," she said. "When we have time to talk it out and rationalize it, we can think about it better and we can calm down and see both sides better."

It would be a toss-up whether Bill Rothschild would take a problem to his wife of 19 years or the animal he considers a pet -- a palm-sized crayfish named Cray Aiken. His daughter brought it home four years ago at the end of a second grade science project.

Rothschild, 44, of Granite Springs, N.Y., considers Cray a better listener than his wife, "absolutely. She doesn't listen worth anything." He doesn't get much feedback from the crustacean, but it's been a different story over the years with family dogs and cats.

"You definitely feel much more comfortable sharing your problems with them," he said. "A little lick from a big dog can go a long way."

Overall, about one in 10 pet owners said they would talk their troubles over with their pets.

The AP-Petside.com poll also found that most people believe their pets are stable and seldom struggle with depression. Just 5 percent of all pet owners said they had taken an animal to a veterinarian or pet psychologist because it seemed down in the dumps. Even fewer said they'd ever given antidepressants to a pet.

But they weren't opposed to the idea: 18 percent of those polled said they were at least somewhat likely to take a pet to a vet or pet psychologist if it was dejected.

When pets become the therapists, the dogs have it. Twenty-five percent of dog owners said their canines listened better than a spouse, while only 14 percent of cat owners chose the feline.

Ron Farber, 55, of Hoxie, Kan., said it's easier to talk to his dog Buddy than his wife because "the dog doesn't have an opinion."

"I think better out loud. He doesn't care what you say or do. He looks at you, pays attention, you walk through the problem in your mind and eventually, the answer comes. It's not as easy when other people are offering opinions," he said.

Farber would take Buddy to a vet if he needed help, but "I doubt there's a dog psychologist within 300 miles."

A pet psychologist is also called a veterinary behaviorist. Veterinarian Karen Sueda, whose office is at the VCA West Los Angeles Animal Hospital is one of 50 certified by the American Veterinary Medical Association.

Most of her canine patients have problems with aggression and anxiety, while her cats' biggest problem is failure to use a litter box, she said.

Karen Manderbachs, 38, has tried drugs for her dog Kensey, a Shiba Inu who is afraid of thunder. "She sits and full body-shakes. She tries to climb the walls, will hide behind the couch. She gets frantic."

But the first time, the pill didn't take effect in time. The next, "she was so out of it, I couldn't do it again."

Without thunder, Kensey is fine and listens with the other pets -- three dogs and a cat -- as Manderbachs talks.

The dogs seldom react, "but if I'm upset, if I cry, they will hover around and try, in their own way, to make it better," said the 38-year-old from Rocky Mount, N.C.

Sueda, the veterinary behaviorist, said she thinks everyone talks to their animals.

"Pets are great because they provide us with unconditional support. They never talk back, never give us the wrong opinion and they are always there for us," she said. "As much as we love our spouses or significant others, sometimes they are not there, sometimes they have their own thoughts about how we should deal with situations. And sometimes, especially when it's a husband or male significant other, they want to solve the problem rather than just listening to the problem."

The AP-Petside.com Poll was conducted April 7-12, 2010, and involved landline and cell phone interviews with 1,112 pet owners nationwide. It has a margin of sampling error of plus or minus 3.3 percentage points.

The parties in this case have been living together since 1994. They were married in 2004. Immediately before they started living together in 1993, the Husband (then boyfriend) bought a home. The Wife (then girlfriend) moved into the home in 1994. They have lived in the house ever since. They were married 10 years after they started living together in 2004. They had joint checking accounts since 1994, and the Wife has contributed to the upkeep and maintenance of the martial home. But her name was NEVER added to the deed to the house. So for all practical purposes when it comes to divorce, the Wife has no ownership interest in the home. She may have an "equity interest" but she does not legally own the marital home.

So in a divorce, how would that effect the Wife? Well, if the Husband goes to court asking that the Wife be made to move out, the court has no other option then to ask the Wife to leave the home. The case on point with this position is the Herrera case which held that "because the husband acquired title to the home prior to the marriage and kept it titled in his name, the non-marital property was not subject to equitable distribution, and, as such, wife should not have been granted exclusive use and possession of husband's premarital home. Herrera v. Herrera, 895 So. 2d 1171 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2005). The Court further opined, "the trial court granted the former wife exclusive use and possession of the former husband's home under the section of the order dealing with equitable distribution. However, Section 61.075(5)(b), Florida Statutes (2002), defines "Nonmarital assets," in part, as "[a]ssets acquired ... prior to the marriage...." A non-marital asset may not be conveyed to a non-owner spouse as equitable distribution absent an agreement. Mitchell v. Mitchell, 841 So.2d 564 (Fla. 2d DCA), review denied, 846 So.2d 1148 (Fla.2003); Belmont v. Belmont, 761 So.2d 406 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000). Thus, because the former husband acquired title to the home prior to the marriage and kept it titled in his name, the non-marital property was not subject to equitable distribution." Id at 1174.

The best idea is that after you and your spouse are married, and you've agreed to pool resources, please have the house put in both names. Alternatively, if your spouse refused to put your name on the "pre-marital" home, it might be a wise idea to limit the pooling of resources. Don't be surprise if during a divorce, you feel "duped." Putting all those years into a relationship, combining resources and financial contributions, only to find out from the court that you have to leave the home you've lived in for 16 years because your name is not on the title. Buyer Beware.

To talk to us about your case, please visit our website or call the office to schedule your initial consultation. We employ a client based approach, which means that we are selective in the cases we take so that we can be available to our clients. We spend time with you to thoroughly understand the facts of your case, so that we can provide you with a comprehensive and realistic legal evaluation. Our process begins with a half-hour low-cost consultation, all of which is credited back to your account if we accept your case.

As a prospective client, you know that fastest, least costly and least emotionally draining way to resolve a divorce or family law matter is by entering into a Settlement Agreement. I'm sure you've heard of people who were divorce in 3 weeks because they agreed on everything involved in their divorce. The process was quick and relatively painless. So you are coming to see a lawyer to draw up a Settlement Agreement for your divorce, but you have forgotten one very important thing ... do you and your spouse agree to everything in your divorce. Have you sat down together and talked and decided how the assets and debts are going to be divided? Have you decided on a particular Parenting Plan if the two of you have children? Have the two of you discussed child support - who is paying how much and to whom? And do you agree on all these issues? If you haven't discussed these things - now is the time.

For your understanding, a Marital Settlement Agreement (MSA) contains all the terms of your settlement and essentially your Divorce. Every issue in your divorce, such as parenting-time, support and property, should be addressed. This written and signed contractual agreement is attached later to the Final Judgment and submitted to the court for its signature.

As your attorney, I will prepare, review and revise the Marital Settlement Agreement. I will make sure you understand and confirm that all the terms included in the MSA, and you are satisfied with the language used. And I will encourage you to ask more questions until you are comfortable that the terms as is written in the MSA are the ones you agreed to with your spouse.

Some terms are carried out immediately, such as "The 2006 Ford F-150 goes to the Husband." Others are ongoing but limited, such as "Wife shall assume all responsibility for the parties' debt to Sears." Still others may be ongoing, unlimited and subject to modification, such as "Husband shall pay to Wife on the first day of each and every month hereafter the sum of eight hundred dollars ($800) as spousal support until the death of either, remarriage by Wife or further order of Court."

The provisions will be grouped into paragraph-sections for easy reference. Terms such as child and spousal support are court orders and enforceable by contempt if not complied with. Others may not be directly enforceable, and will require legal action. Ask your attorney if you have any questions about enforcement. Every provision of your MSA is intended to be binding and enforceable, one way or another.

I want my clients to carefully review their MSA. Parenting Plans and Time-Sharing plans can be confusing; clean yours up now to prevent a dispute down the road. Make certain the document contains every term of the agreement that you intended to make with your spouse. Raise every concern you have about the meaning of terms. When you sign your MSA, that's it. You are represented by an attorney and you are a competent adult - when it's signed it's a "done deal." Your MSA will next go to the court to have Final Judgment entered.

If you are interested in having a Settlement Agreement resolve your Divorce or other Family law matter, please visit our website or call the office to schedule your initial consultation. We employ a client based approach, which means that we are selective in the cases we take so that we can be available to our clients. We spend time with you to thoroughly understand the facts of your case, so that we can provide you with a comprehensive and realistic legal evaluation. Our process begins with a half-hour low-cost consultation, all of which is credited back to your account if we accept your case.

A retainer fee is a form of pre-payment, like a "savings account" with your lawyer, against which the lawyer will bill when handling your case. This advanced fee ensures that the attorney will provide the specified legal services on behalf of the client. Think of it as a down payment on the services the attorney provides. The funds, which are usually non-refundable in most family law cases, and are then place in the attorney's or law firm's business account where they have access to it to pay any upcoming services that are rendered on behalf of the client. If the fees go above the retainer amount, the client must pay that amount. The retainer fee is just an initial estimate and is often based on the complexity of the case. If there are more complex issues involved, then naturally the higher the retainer amount. Additional fees beyond the retainer are often required when a matter must go to court.

Before accepting to pay a retainer fee, get the fee, terms and conditions in writing. The most widely used forms of advance payment are "the general (or traditional) retainer", "the special (or specific) retainer," the "flat fee retainer," or "the nonrefundable retainer." Before you hire a lawyer for your divorce or family law matter, make sure you have read, reviewed and understood the Retainer Agreement the attorney has given you. You are signing a binding contract between you and your lawyer. You should be clear on what you will be billed for - such as phone calls, emails, letters and other communications. You should ask all questions before you sign the agreement.

You should be sure that you will be receiving monthly statements showing you (the client) how your retainer funds are being used. The billing statement should be clear and easy to understand and show what work was performed and by whom. If you have any questions about your billing statement, you should always contact the attorney immediately, as sometimes mistakes are made.

If you are going through a divorce or family law matter, please visit our website or call the office to schedule your initial consultation. We employ a client based approach, which means that we are selective in the cases we take so that we can be available to our clients. We spend time with you to thoroughly understand the facts of your case, so that we can provide you with a comprehensive and realistic legal evaluation. Our process begins with a half-hour low-cost consultation, all of which is credited back to your account if we accept your case.

If only life was really like The Brady Bunch. An easily blended family, no exes to complicate matters, minor disturbances that are resolved with a great little moral lesson. In actuality, real life mirrors what was going on behind the scenes of The Brady Bunch show - complicated, passionate, and sometimes stormy. So introducing a new romantic partner after divorce or death is a situation that may not go as smoothly as when Carol and Bob met. It is a decision that warrants a lot of thought.

When you meet someone new, your initial instinct will be to want them to meet your children. Your kids are central, important and and in many ways the main loves of your lives! It may feel odd to keep a relationship separate from them. It may feel sneaky. You may be inclined to resolve this by having your new lover hang out and share in activities with your children as a new "friend". Right? Wrong!!! These reactions are completely understandable but remember, not all are instincts are best followed. Children are no dummies - even children under three will register the different energy present with a platonic vs. non-platonic friend. Furthermore, if there was an extramarital affair involved with this partner your children will be aware consciously or unconsciously regardless of being told explicitly. So don't kid yourself.

A good rule of thumb is wait to introduce your children to your romantic interest until the relationship reaches six months of seriously seeing one another. This guideline protects kids from experiencing the inevitable romantic ups and downs of a new relationships and of having another potential loss. Shielding your children from the early stages of your relationship will require sacrifice on your part; keeping your private life private takes energy, planning and giving up time with your new lover. It is not lying, it is not sneaky, it is privacy - necessary privacy.

Children have very mixed feelings about new relationships. They may feel disloyal to the other parent if they have fun with this new person. They become jealous of sharing your time. They may feel uncomfortable because the sexual energy present with a new relationship is different than that of their married parents. It is not as if kids cannot develop meaningful relationships with girlfriends or boyfriends after divorce -- of course they can -- but the more thoughtful consideration on your part the better the chances for your children to adapt to the new situation.

It is in your child's best interest to wait and see if this looks like a relationship that will have sticking power to withstand the pressures of step parenting and blending families. Once the six month mark has come and gone, you are ready to begin integrating this person in to your family. Inform your ex of all developments. If he/she introduces your children to a new relationship as well, try to be as generous as you can -- keep all complicated feelings to yourself. Your reaction will play a huge role in your kids openness to accept this new person and to experience less conflict over loyalty.

The first kid-new-partner meeting should be activity based. Do something together, a movie, bowling, ice skating -- something that comes with distinct time limits and allows your child to ease in to the meeting with focus on the activity rather than "getting to know" your new lover. Gauge your child's readiness as you decide the frequency of these get-togethers -- keeping in mind that slow is always better in these matters. In terms of sleep overs and joint vacations, especially if other children are involved, take it very slowly. No one has ever complained that they wish they had moved faster on integrating families -- on the contrary, most difficulties come from rushing in with idyllic expectations. Consider yourself very lucky if all goes smoothly as life is not The Brady Bunch.

To talk to us about your case, please visit our website or call the office to schedule your initial consultation. We employ a client based approach, which means that we are selective in the cases we take so that we can be available to our clients. We spend time with you to thoroughly understand the facts of your case, so that we can provide you with a comprehensive and realistic legal evaluation. Our process begins with a half-hour low-cost consultation, all of which is credited back to your account if we accept your case.

This has been cross-posted by permission of the author. Full credit goes to Lisa Spiegel and her insightful and inspiring SoHo Parenting - a Center for parenting and the emotional health of the whole family. To see the original blog post, please visit http://www.sohoparenting.com/blog/2009/11/divorce/

I frequently hear prospective or current clients telling me about how their soon-to-be-ex or former spouse is engaging in disparaging comments about them. I reassure them that taking the "high road," rather than acting "in kind," is the healthiest for the children. Normally, after the emotions of divorce begin to fade, so do the hurtful comments from one parent about the other. However, the parent engaging in the negative behavior may be purposefully encouraging a child to disengage with the other parent and/or denigrate the other parent. Typical methods include: badmouthing the parent, denying visitation rights through geographical relocation or other means, using the psychological threat of detachment, and withdrawing affection and other tactics. There reaches a point when the mere "bad mouthing" turns more serious and becomes Parental Alienation.

Parental Alienation is extremely complex and difficult to assess -- especially initially. Two very good resources may be The Florida Bar article by Michael Bone and Michael Walsh that come out in 1999. The other is Michael Bone's website that deals exclusively with Parental Alienation and the Florida Court system. I have worked with Dr. Bone on some rather difficult PAS cases and he is an absolute expert in his field! It should be specifically noted that in 2000, in Tampa, J. Michael Bone, Ph.D. was directly involved in a "Frye Hearing" as was Richard Gardner, M.D. along with Richard Warshack, Ph.D. The court ruled that PAS was accepted in the professional scientific community and did meet the Frye standard.

In a parental alienation situation when one parent uses tactics of hostility with a child, the dynamics of time-sharing changes dramatically. A child may act-out to prevent time-sharing with the "targeted" parent. A new time-sharing arrangement evaluation may be in the best future interests of the child. This may mean giving the targeted parent the most overnights, to offset the effects of PAS. Enlisting the advice of an expert, someone like Dr. Bone, well versed in this type of damaging behavior, can help a parent with an alienated child evaluate their options and pursue some therapeutic remedies. Equally as important is having legal counsel who has worked in this field and can help discuss various legal remedies.

It is vitally important that these matters are handled with extreme sensitivity, care and professionalism to ensure the best interests of the child. The welfare of children is of utmost importance to the law office of Anne E. Raduns, PA. Frequently, the children are forgotten as parents fight for child custody rights and wage child custody battles. The law office of Anne E. Raduns PA is a staunch advocate of protecting the best interests of children to develop stable, consistent relationships with the adults in their lives whenever possible.

Responsible parents have the right to have a positive, loving relationship with their children. And, children deserve to grow up in a psychologically healthy relationship with their parents. Too often Florida child support and time-sharing rights become the issues former spouses use to vent their anger and hostility. As research suggests, emotional dysfunction for the child can follow him or her far into their future relationships with others. The healthiest children grow up with two loving parents fully present in their lives, even if the parents are divorced. Divorce should not make either person any less of a parent!

If parental alienation has affected you, please call us to discuss your case or visit our website or call the office to schedule your initial consultation. We employ a client based approach, which means that we are selective in the cases we take so that we can be available to our clients. We spend time with you to thoroughly understand the facts of your case, so that we can provide you with a comprehensive and realistic legal evaluation. Our process begins with a half-hour low-cost consultation, all of which is credited back to your account if we accept your case.

Dear Star Banner:

I believe that the editorial, "Nothing but food stamps..." in the Star Banner dated February 28, 2010, regarding Fathers not paying support deserves a response. I am a family law attorney in Ocala and I cover the areas of all around our circuit. The sentence I found most disturbing was, "if a woman does not want the man around her or her children the support may help to pay a sitter while she is seeking employment." With the mentality that dad is just a "paycheck" it's not surprising that the support will be sporadic or non-existent. Why in the world would you want or decide to have children with a man you don't want around the kids? The courts and I find it ironic that the mother had no problem being around this man when they were making the baby, only to decide that he is too dangerous to be around the baby after birth.

I am a firm believer that the legal doctrines of "best interests of children," "shared parental responsibility," and "equal parenting time" are not mutually exclusive. Most people do not like paying for something and getting nothing in return. If a parent wants to get timely and continuous support the best thing to do is keep the paying parent connected with the child. I hear man after man saying that they are tired of dealing with moms who are constantly interfering in their parenting time. This is a call to the ladies out there who "hook up" with a guy they don't really know very well, are not married to, and then have a baby with them - why in the world are you doing that? Find a mate, get married, and raise a family. We don't usually see "dead-beat dads" in this scenario. The heart of this larger problem is evidenced weekly in the birth announcements published in the Star Banner where 50% to 60% of the births appear to be to unmarried parents.

The surest way to get the other person to pay support on a regular basis is to equalize parenting time between divorcing spouses or unmarried parents, making sure children have the chance to be with both Fathers and Mothers as much as possible. Being a Father is arguably one of the MOST important and special roles a man will have in his lifetime. Fathers deserve a chance to continue being a parent and to teach their child about the world around them. Fathers need to be there for their children, and not be relegated to being "weekend parents." Too many times I hear the dad say," I'm not on the school records, not on the medical records, and not on the activities records."

For decades it was presumed that custody of children of "tender years" was best with mothers because it was wrongly believed that Fathers are inept as parents. Fortunately, our Florida Statutes have moved towards gender-neutrality. The "tender years doctrine" is really dead. And though fathers seeking child custody have gained ground in recent years, they are still burdened by old stereotypes. And for those able to see behind smoke screens, custody fights are not always about the children. Many times custody is just about the money. I've seen many cases where custody fights, even to the exclusion of visitation, are strategic maneuvers to maximize child support, alimony, and equitable distribution. Afterwards, when the battle is won, the barriers to child access mysteriously fall away, only to be raised again if payments are not prompt or if feelings are hurt.

The simplest and most responsible way to solve the problem of the non- payment of child support is clearly not to have multiple babies with multiple baby-daddies (or vice versa). Children are little people that require love, nurturing, guidance, and care-taking by both parents. They are NOT weapons to be used get more money or to get the upper hand in a court of law. Take some time, choose a mate wisely, get married and raise a family together. If for some reason the marriage does not work out, arrange for an equal time-sharing arrangement to keep Dad actively involved in the children's lives.

To talk to us about your case, please visit our website or call the office to schedule your initial consultation. We employ a client based approach, which means that we are selective in the cases we take so that we can be available to our clients. We spend time with you to thoroughly understand the facts of your case, so that we can provide you with a comprehensive and realistic legal evaluation. Our process begins with a half-hour low-cost consultation, all of which is credited back to your account if we accept your case.

I had a prospective client in my office early in the telling me that he didn't know that signing the baby's birth certificate made him the presumptive legal father. He had just been served with papers from Department of Revenue/Child Support Enforcement, and now the baby's mother was seeking child support. Honestly, he was not sure he was the biological father at all. He had heard from friend's of the mother, that she believed that the baby's real biological father was her past boyfriend. Now the question he asks, "what do I do?"

Florida's statute that deals with the Disestablishment of Paternity is Section 742.18. There are certain requirements that must be followed when attempting to disestablish paternity. One of the requirements is that the party attempting to disestablish paternity must file a Petition To Disestablish Paternity with the court and demonstrate some "newly discovered evidence." This evidence may be any number of things, including finding out that the biological mother believed someone else to be the Father. Also, a DNA test must be performed and submitted to the court as evidence that the person trying to disestablish paternity is really not the biological father. This DNA test must be performed within 90 days of the filing of the petition, but if the man attempting to disestablish paternity does not have to the child for testing, then he may file a motion with the court to request the court to order the mother to provide the child for a DNA test.

Lastly, the statute is clear that the Petitioner attempting to disestablish paternity must be current on all child support obligations or that he has substantially complied with the child support payment obligation. Although this legal process is not that common, we have successfully helped men disestablish paternity and terminate child support for children that were not theirs.

If you believe that you are not the biological father for a child for which you are currently paying support, please visit our website or call the office to schedule your initial consultation. We employ a client based approach, which means that we are selective in the cases we take so that we can be available to our clients. We spend time with you to thoroughly understand the facts of your case, so that we can provide you with a comprehensive and realistic legal evaluation. Our process begins with a half-hour low-cost consultation, all of which is credited back to your account if we accept your case.

If you are interested in pursuing an Uncontested Divorce, please call the Law Office of Anne E. Raduns, PA to find out how we can help. Even with an Uncontested Divorce, there are risks involved if you decide to do it yourself. We can help you with the process quickly and inexpensively.

To talk to us about your case, please visit our website or call the office to schedule your initial consultation. We employ a client based approach, which means that we are selective in the cases we take so that we can be available to our clients. We spend time with you to thoroughly understand the facts of your case, so that we can provide you with a comprehensive and realistic legal evaluation. Our process begins with a half-hour low-cost consultation, all of which is credited back to your account if we accept your case.

The Department of Revenue was originally an offshoot of the Department of Health and Human Services, created in 1975 to "ensure that children have the financial support of both their parents, to foster responsible behavior towards children, to emphasize that children need to have both parents involved in their lives, and to reduce welfare costs." DOR/Child Support Enforcement has the task of either determining, modifying, or enforcing child support in all of Florida's 67 counties.

The Florida Department of Revenue has the authority to enforce your child support requirements. Once your child support payment amount is established, as determined by Florida's child support guidelines, the payment requirement is enforceable not only in Marion County and throughout Florida, but also anywhere in the country.

If this is an initial determination, you were probably served with a Petition to Establish Child Support. This may have been in connection with a child born out of wedlock or it could have been part of a divorce where child support was not yet established. DOR also handles modifications where the custodial parent is seeking to have an increase in child support. Or lastly, this could be an enforcement action where the non-custodial parent is failing to pay timely support. In any of the above cases, it is important to hire an attorney to make sure that you are treated fairly during the process and your financial interests are protected.

Enforcement of Child Support Orders - The Payee Parent

If you are not receiving the payments you and your child have been awarded, contact us so we can guide you through the difficult process of getting the payments you deserve. We have successfully placed liens on real property, personal property and future income (including Personal Injury awards) to ensure that payment will be received. Additionally, Anne E. Raduns, PA we will work with you to ensure payment getting payments directly from the parent's employers, or suspending a driver's license.

Enforcement of Child Support Orders - Payor Parent

If you have been issued an Enforcement order it is critical that you take this seriously. In the state of Florida the courts have the ability to get you to pay by:

* Suspending your Florida driver licenses
* Intercepting tax refunds
* Ordering employers to take payments directly from your paychecks
* Placing a lien on your property

Contact Anne E. Raduns, PA so we can work with you and the courts to find the fairest way to all parties to bring you into compliance. We will examine your finances and situation and negotiate a method to repay your costs so your child can receive the support needed. This could result in reduced payments, a deferral of payments, and / or a modification of future payments.

Modification of Child Support Orders - Either Parent

All things change, and so to may the ability to pay child support or the need for increased child support. If this is the case, either parent can petition the court for an adjustment to the current payment. If either parent has received a raise, lost their job, if the child has special needs, or for any other payment altering events, may result in a need to modify the original child support order. Our office can work with you and DOR to determine the revised payments that meets Florida's child support guidelines.

We helped hundreds of parents through the maze of DOR Child Support enforcement. Whether you are the payee parent or the payor parent, we will make sure you are treating fairly by the process. To talk to us about your case, please visit our website or call the office to schedule your initial consultation. We employ a client based approach, which means that we are selective in the cases we take so that we can be available to our clients. We spend time with you to thoroughly understand the facts of your case, so that we can provide you with a comprehensive and realistic legal evaluation. Our process begins with a half-hour low-cost consultation, all of which is credited back to your account if we accept your case.

As a divorce attorney, I suppose this is probably the third most common question I get from clients or prospective clients (right behind "how much will this divorce cost" and "how long will this divorce take"), which simply stated is, "do I have to take the credit card debt of my spouse if I didn't run up the bill." The answer to that question generally results in the spouse who did not run up the bills feeling "duped" and the divorce process being "unfair."

Under Florida Statute 61.075, marital debts and liabilities will be equitably between spouses during a divorce. This means that generally any debt or liability acquired during the marriage will be divided between the divorcing spouses, regardless of whose name is on the debt or liability. This means credit cards too. It's important to remember, however, that the Statute requires the division of debts/liabilities be equitable, not necessarily equal. For the court to determine what is an equitable distribution of marital debt, it can consider many statutory factors, including: each person's contribution to the marriage, any contributions one party has made to other person's education or career, whether either party has intentionally depleted or destroyed marital assets and other equitable factors. As an aside, this process generally does not include "pre-marital debt." So if one spouse can show that the debt (or a portion of the debt) existed before the marriage, then it may not be treated as a marital debt for the purposes of equitable distribution.

However, I must point out that credit card companies to not have to and generally won't agree to abide by a Divorce Decree or Final Judgment of Dissolution of Marriage. So while you and your spouse have agreed to divide up the debt a particular way or the Court has ordered it divided a particular way, the credit card company is not obligated to follow that agreement or Order. Instead, the credit company will hold whomever is listed on the account responsible for the debt. This may be problematic if say the Husband has agreed to take a credit card debit listed in the Wife's name. He may fail to pay it and the credit card company will still demand payment from the Wife, regardless of the court order.

But what about credit card debt when one spouse didn't know a thing about? This is the most heartbreaking answer: if it was acquired during the marriage, regardless if you knew about it or not, or it was it your name or not, it is still a marital debt that it going to be divided. I had a client whose Wife had charged up about $30,000 of debt he knew nothing about. He generally handed her his paycheck and let her handle the martial bills and finances. When she filed for divorce, it was only then did he find out about the debt. She had not engaged in any "martial waste," as in spending money on a paramour or anything. So, even though the didn't know about the debt, he was still required to take on half of it. Not knowing about the debt does not relieve the other spouse from being responsible for it. This is a caveat emptor - KNOW, LEARN, BE INVOLVED in what is happening with your finances! Don't let someone else just manage the household finances unchecked.

If you are thinking about Divorce, an experienced divorce lawyer can help you protect yourself as much as possible from the financial hazards involved in credit card debt. For more information on how we can help you, or to talk to us about your case, please visit our website or call the office to schedule your initial consultation. We employ a client based approach, which means that we are selective in the cases we take so that we can be available to our clients. We spend time with you to thoroughly understand the facts of your case, so that we can provide you with a comprehensive and realistic legal evaluation. Our process begins with a half-hour low-cost consultation, all of which is credited back to your account if we accept your case.